The real Professor Turo
Professor Turo and AI Turo are undoubtedly two very different characters. When the dialogue box says "Professor Turo" during the AI fight, that's the real Professor, a man consumed by his own dream, to the point he has no morals anymore.
I don't think he's evil or that he behaves like this for the sake of it, though. I think that certain events in his life - Sada's departure first, everyone else's "betrayal" next - left him inevitably traumatised, and possibly made his pre-existent obsession over the Violet book and mental instability even worse.
When even the last member of his research team left, he started to focus harder on his dream and he eventually, completely lost himself in it. He left everything behind, including his son, confining himself down in the crater spending years in self isolation.
Being lonely with his thoughts and regrets, his mental health quickly deteriorated. I think this is the reason why he made the AI in the first place; to help with the job but also to have someone to talk to, someone that can understand him better than anyone else, someone that would never betray him, an exact replica of himself.
But, while the AI got all his memories and thoughts, it couldn't inherit much more complicated concepts, such as his depression and mental state - that probably worsen after its creation. This is why, compared to the original Professor, the AI keeps its rationality and is able to see the danger the research will lead to.
And it doesn't seem to hide this realisation from its creator, as the Professor himself complains about it being "rigid".
I think the above implies that the two might have had a few arguments whenever the AI pointed out the disastrous nature of the research. Further proof can be found in the following screenshot, where the AI clearly states what the professor would say if anyone tried to warn him about the danger.
"Such a destruction is a natural part of life." These are definitely Professor Turo's words as he would pick them, the AI is not making up or trying to guess anything, they already had that argument several times in the past, which is why Turo defines it "rigid". I see his wish of being able to change the AI's mind in this word, rigid, something that despite the tech he can't somehow control.
I can imagine Professor Turo feeling betrayed from nothing less than his very own self, and that is simply the last stand for him. I wonder whether he died knowing his dream will never be accomplished...
His story is indeed one of the most complex and sad, and despite this doesn't justify him from neglecting his child, I can't help but feeling sympathy for him.